What term describes the prolonged retention and accumulation of fecal material in the rectum?

The correct term for the prolonged retention and accumulation of fecal material in the rectum is known as fecal impaction. Fecal impaction occurs when a large mass of stool becomes hard and difficult to pass, often blocking the normal passageway in the rectum. This condition can lead to further complications if not treated, as the accumulated fecal matter can cause discomfort, pain, and even bowel obstruction.

In contrast, other terms in the options refer to different aspects of bowel function. Constipation generally refers to infrequent or difficult bowel movements, but does not specifically denote the condition of fecal material being retained in the rectum over a prolonged period. Diarrhea involves the opposite issue, characterized by frequent, thin, or watery bowel movements, indicating the expulsion rather than retention of stool. Defecation is the act of expelling feces from the body, which also does not describe the condition of prolonged retention. Thus, fecal impaction is the most accurate term for this particular situation.