An excessive amount of blood drawn can lead to which complication?

When an excessive amount of blood is drawn from a patient, several complications can arise due to the stress on the body and the potential for trauma at the site of venipuncture.

Hemolysis is the destruction of red blood cells, which can occur if the blood is collected too vigorously or if the sample is mishandled after collection. This can impact test results and the patient's condition.

Phlebitis refers to inflammation of a vein, which can occur if the vein is irritated by the needle or if blood draws are performed too frequently in the same site. Excessive blood withdrawal can contribute to this inflammation, leading to discomfort and additional medical concerns.

Syncope, or fainting, can occur when a patient experiences an excessive loss of blood volume or if the procedure induces a vasovagal response. Patients may feel lightheaded or faint during or after the blood draw if they are particularly sensitive to the experience or if the amount drawn is significant.

In this context, selecting "All of the above" encompasses all potential complications that can arise from drawing an excessive amount of blood, as each condition is a plausible direct or indirect consequence of the action.